Powerful African leaders with decades in office have continued to secure lengthy terms, fueling uncertainty about political transitions and stability in their countries. According to reports, Cameroon’s Paul Biya, 93, began his eighth term in 2025, potentially serving until 2032, with no announced plans to step down. His prolonged absences and a vacant vice presidency highlight uncertainties about succession.
Similarly, Uganda’s 81-year-old Yoweri Museveni, in power since 1986, has embarked on another term amid attention on his son’s rising political role. Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea also reflect patterns of consolidating power within ruling parties and families, complicating prospects for democratic succession.
Cameroon’s Leadership Under Paul Biya
Paul Biya has maintained control in Cameroon since 1982, supported by a network of loyal allies that keep government functions stable despite his extended absences. Recently spending months in Geneva, Biya has continued governing from abroad without revealing plans to relinquish power. Analysts warn of potential elite rivalries over succession that could destabilize the country, including risks of military intervention.
Power Dynamics and Succession in Uganda
In Uganda, Museveni’s family presence looms large as his son, Muhoozi Kainerugaba, gains prominence as a military and political figure. Observers note Kainerugaba’s influence arises mainly from his father’s support rather than formal backing from political or military institutions. His recent actions, such as ordering media closures, have led some to interpret a gradual transfer of power. However, uncertainty remains on whether a formal succession will be arranged.
Consolidation of Authority in Zimbabwe and Equatorial Guinea
Zimbabwe recently amended its constitution to extend legislative and presidential terms and shift presidential election powers to parliament, where the ruling party holds strong majorities. Critics argue this diminishes electoral competitiveness. In Equatorial Guinea, President Teodoro Obiang Nguema Mbasogo appears to be delegating authority to his son, known as Teodorin, who now controls the military and public government actions.
Broader Implications for African Governance
These cases are part of a broader trend where constitutional changes and political maneuvers are used to extend power and influence within ruling families and elites. Experts stress that weak institutional safeguards and limited citizen participation enable such centralized control. While this is a global phenomenon, it presents unique challenges in Africa as countries face the prospect of leadership vacuums after decades-long rules.
